This study was a systematic review performed in 2017 to determine if probiotic monotherapy or probiotic adjunct therapy to existing antibiotic therapy improves eradication rates of H. pylori. H. pylori infection can result in chronic dyspepsia, gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma.  However, there is growing antibiotic resistance to current standard treatment. For this reason, several new therapeutic approaches are being adopted in clinical practice to see if they offer any benefits in treating H. pylori infection. One of these approaches is using probiotics. Probiotics are living bacteria that may be consumed and have a significant impact on gut health.

The study determined that probiotic therapy alone is not effective in the eradication of H. pylori infections. However, pretreatment and supplementation during antibiotic therapy with probiotics demonstrated higher eradication rates with reduced antibiotic therapy side effects. Patients were more likely to adhere to the antibiotic therapy with the reduction of adverse effects. This study does address its limitations in that only a small number of publications were included and did not account for recurrence rate of infection. For this reason, a stronger designed-study with a larger pool of participants over a longer period of time is necessary to establish the role of probiotics in the eradication of H. pylori.